Which method of sterilization utilizes steam?

The method of sterilization that utilizes steam is autoclaving. This process involves using high-pressure steam to achieve sterilization, effectively killing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Autoclaves work by raising the temperature above the boiling point of water, typically reaching around 121-134 degrees Celsius (250-273 degrees Fahrenheit) at a pressure of 15-30 psi for a designated time period.

The use of steam as a sterilizing agent is significant because it is effective at penetrating porous materials and ensuring that all surfaces of the items being sterilized are reached by the steam. The combination of heat and moisture in steam sterilization enhances the destruction of microorganisms far more effectively than dry heat.

On the other hand, ethylene oxide sterilization is a gas-based method used for heat-sensitive materials, radiation sterilization involves using ionizing radiation to sterilize, and dry heat sterilization uses hot air without moisture. Each of these has its specific applications and limitations, distinguishing them from steam sterilization.